A solarium is a type of observation car.
From Railroad Model Craftsman:
As passenger train speeds increased and air conditioning became more prevalent, the traditional open platform observation car began to lose favor as patrons sought more comfort and safety, and the railroads sought space that was usable in both fair and foul weather. Pullman's answer was the sun room or solarium observation car. While some sun room cars were built in the wooden car era, they began to be constructed in greater numbers in the later 1920's.
Jim
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