Larry,
"I wasn't sure if the roadbed glue would adhere to the dried latex paint. Would the roadbed glue stick to the pink foam better?"
In my experience, bare pink foam doesn't hold glue well, because it's so porous.The glue seeps away from the joint. Also, some adhesives contain chemicals that will attack the foam. Painting foam with flat latex gives it a skin so the glue stays put. I wouldn't hang from a girder made of it like on the old Krazy Glue ads, but the forces exerted on scenery are a little more modest.