First, make sure the AC input (transformer) IS maxed out at the supposed 18v AC.
Assuming the buck converter is set to output 4.5v, , using your multimeter, check DC output at the converter each time you add a sign or other current using device like a building for example. The output will continue to read 4.5 v DC, and will drop below that number if/when/as you have excess devices in the system.
Each time you add another sign (or any other DC device), check the converter output. As/when/if you read less than 4.5v is when the load has exceeded the AC input required to supply the devices.
You might be surprised to see how many LED-using accessories and devices you can support with a single 18v AC input. I have 1/2 of my layout's lighting system on a single ZW transformer, and half on a second ZW- neither is even running at full tilt yet supplying AC for the whole layout.