Most railfans are aware of the two well known cog railways in the US at Mt. Washington and Pikes Peak. These operations, as their equivalents in Switzerland, rely on a cog wheel acting on a cog rail, aka rack rail, for all movement; the wheels on the running rails carry the weight, but are not driven. But Switzerland has a second type, longer cross country railways that use classic steel wheel / steel rail adhesion for most of their runs, but supplement it on the steeper gradients with cog rail operation; the best and longest examples of these are the Furka Oberalp [ FO ] and the Brig Visp Zermatt [ BVZ ], now combined at the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn [ MGB ]. The third was the Swiss Federal's Brünig line, now under different ownership, between Lucerne and Interlaken. As with the Rhätische Bahn I previously discussed and illustrated, models of these systems, with working adhesion and cog operation, were available from Fama and successor companies.
The possibility of optional cog rail operation was integral with Fama models from their inception, as it was considered essential for its outdoor garden railroading success. To keep the cog wheel engaged in the cog rail without the powered unit having excessive weight, which would be self-defeating on grades, Fama placed strong permanent magnets over the steel running rails on the powered truck(s), resulting in very high adhesion from a lightweight unit, whether in cog operation or not. See photo 1; this locomotive has both trucks powered. All Fama-family locomotives have the cog wheel(s), even if the prototypes did not, such as their RhB locos and 4 wheel switchers. To cushion the entry onto a cog rail section of trackage, a 'start' section with tapered cogs, vertically sprung, is provided; see photo 2. The couplers are truck mounted, and the two trucks linked, so there are no tractive / buff forces through the frame/body; reference Photo 1 again.
Fama's initial offering was a diesel locomotive, a reasonably basic model of the Furka Oberalp's two HGm 4/4 locomotives; these shared a common body style and layout with the RhB's two contemporary Gem 4/4's, enabling them to also be modeled for minimal additional costs. Whereas the latter was an electro-diesel, the FO's pair were diesel only but had cog rail capability; both roads purchased these diesels primarily for maintenance/snowplow duties, but they were also used in revenue service when required. These Fama locos had a single power truck, but the design made adding a second power truck easy; the internal electrical layout was a terminal strip, which also facilitated adding AC track power, DCC or radio control, or even a battery pack. The gradient charts furnished show a unit with a single power truck able to haul 6 cars on a 12% grade with cog rail, or 3 cars on 9% with adhesion only. The steepest grade on the FO is almost 18%, but that's on a branch; 12 - 14 % are the usual maximum on the main line. Incidentally, allowance has to be taken on the model's downward gradients, too, as the locomotive will be holding the cars in check, both in adhesion and cog sections.
Fama furnished the FO diesel in the two sets MRC primarily imported and hence which are best known to US modelers:
A. The Glacier Express set, with the HGm and three passenger coaches, one each FO 1st and 2nd class, and an RhB 2nd in red, plus non-rack track, enough for an oval with additional straight sections. See photo 3.
B. A Basic or Start set, with the loco, the FO 1st, and a flat car; the track package had less straight sections.
These sets came with either the indoor or outdoor track; see my Rhätische Bahn post for more details on the two types. Neither set had a 12 vdc power pack, but an "HO train set"one works fine, considering the low amp draw of the motors. The locomotives have working headlights, directionally [ diode ] controlled; the cars are not lit, though Fama may have intended that as an option at one time, as they are fitted for track pickup which is brought into the carbody. There were other sets, such as an RhB Basic set with two coaches, and a Bernina set, but these are not common in the US.
To be continued....