This was from another post I made answer to a similar question:
At under a 2.5 amp limit, the buck converters are the answer. So not for locomotives or even trolleys. The converters allow you to set each building or accessory based on its needed voltage and current requirements. I have bought 8, and one shorted out (now in the landfill). At $ 2.70 who cares?
Buy 4 or 5 (spend less than $15 and wait 3-4 weeks) and set one each up to:
1. output DC 1.5 v (for, say incandescent streetlights)
2. one at 3v (for say a Menards building that is supposed to have 4.5 v- but is too bright)
3. one at 8v for some other LED lighting, and
4. one at full-tilt boogie 12+ volts DC (or run the higher-voltage accessories using AC off your bus).
This what I have done- I use 7 Buck Converters mounted under the layout to boards, and that allows me to use:
1 -for 16 cheap (Menards- $ 4.99/ pair Sku # 2897620 Lemax incandescent streetlights- rated for 3v) running at 1.5 DC for longevity
2 - Menard's York Hotel- (it has its own buck converter since it draws about 2.5 amps), running at about 3v to keep it at lower lumens- it is BRIGHT!!
3 - running 12v DC rated Todd Architectural Stauffer's Biscuit building (at 8.5 v.) again to control brightness
4 - Several 4.5 v DC rated Menard's buildings at 3 V DC of the recommended 4.5 v. also so they are more realistic.
There are also converters that have digital voltage readouts w/ knob adjustment:
e-Bay No. 173806650164
This one is the least expensive one I could find (that has - important!- DC output as low as 1.25 v., and has a heat sink). IMO these are features I would recommend. BUT- in my experience, once you set them they stay at the set output.
The buck converters will only be used on accessories that can use DC- and you see that all of mine are related to lighting.
Each converter can output based on available voltage- so- the more of these running off the same input bus, you might not be able to set their outputs at high enough levels. When the highest output one won't get where you need it- jack up the transformer (the stepdown bucks will still limit output at their set levels). Or, you might want the main bus running at near full available voltage off the transformer.