Eight to twelve depending on the track type.
O (31") and 0-27 normally need eight. But the larger diameters usually need 12. I think some extremly large diameters might need 16.
I think the small dia FT uses eight too (.?)
Another way to know from part descriptions by other mfgs. :
x6pc =60° curves, x8 pc= 45° curves, x12= 30°, x16pc = 22.5° curves, etc.
A note on diameters; Lionel (tubular at least... FT too?) measures a loops max outer diameter. Other companies tend to measure from track center rail to track center rail.