This appears to be reasonably good FRA Class 4 track, good for 60 MPH. It has wood ties and the rail is held in place on Pandrol tie plates attached with 4 bolts per plate and using Pandrol track clips, instead of conventional tie plates and spikes. There is a signal system, as the bond wires are visible where they are attached to the rail near the frog.
The assembly of parts where one rail crosses the other is called a frog. The frog is held in place by clips spiked to the tie with 4 spikes per clip. The guard rails adjacent to the frog on the outside rails are held in place with Pandrol clips on brackets attached to each tie with 4 bolts. The frog shows some wear, but this is normal, as they take a beating when wheels pass over them. I can't tell if anything is loose, from a photo, but the overall condition appears normal.
Ballast appears to be adequate and tie condition is good. One or two split ties is not a problem. The tie with the orange cable attached to it is cracked, but the adjacent ties are all good, so that in itself does not appear to be a problem. The place that excessive tie wear would show up would be where the tie plates are attached, with the plates cutting into the ties, and there is no plate cutting on these ties. This looks like decent track. Ballast is maybe a little thin under the frog, but one would have to personally inspect it to be sure. The real test would be to observe the track under stress as a train passes over it.
The banging noise you described would be likely coming from the frog, or -- if the train speed is slow and a car is rocking -- from the center plate of the car shifting laterally within the dish on the truck bolster. If the track gauge is tight or wide at the frog, then the wheels might make a banging noise, but only at low speeds.
How fast do trains pass over this turnout? Is there a temporary slow order in effect on the track where the photos were taken? If all trains move slowly here, then there probably is a slow order. There is a curve a few hundred feet down the track, and the speed at this location would be limited by the permeant allowable speed of that curve.