There are three type of signals in NYC transit. Automatic, approach and home. Automatics are just that - fully automatic no tower control. Home signals are controlled by a tower somewhere on an interlocking plant. Most of the time these display an operating aspect on the upper portion and switch position on the lower portion. The third type of signal can be controlled from a tower or set to automatic.
Home signals usually have two three aspect heads, a yellow "Call On", light ( A way of overriding the stop arm. Has to be issued by the tower ) and some of them have grade time or station time indicators. Grade time is a way of controlling train speed on curves, hills etc and station time is a way to stack trins closer together.
Home signals are placed anywhere that tower control is needed. Switches always have home signals before them.
<caption style="font-weight: bold">Home Signal aspects and indications, BMT, IND, and newer IRT</caption>
Proceed on main route
Proceed on main route prepared to stop at next signal
Approach at posted speed then continue on main route (next signal is a "Two shot" GT signal, and will clear if you approach this signal at posted speed or below (whereupon this one will turn green)). See Time Signals.
Stop and stay
Proceed on diverging route
Proceed on diverging route prepared to stop at next signal
Approach at posted speed then proceed on diverging route ("Two shot" GT aspect similar to above). See Time Signals.
(3-yellow or yard aspect) Proceed with caution prepared to stop within vision expecting to find track occupied
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