Although seemingly bass ackwards, the de facto Lionel standard seems to be that a positive-going input on the HOT terminal of the AC line produces a negative-going output on the center rail terminal.
Test procedure:
1. Connect the U or outside rail terminal to the neutral or earth ground. This is the wide prong of the AC receptacle.
2. Set the transformer's output for midway.
3. With an AC voltmeter, measure the voltage between the HOT AC line terminal and the A or center rail terminal. The voltage should be GREATER THAN the AC line voltage by about 10 volts.
Example - The line voltage is 117 volts, and the voltage from HOT to Center Rail is 127 volts = proper phasing. A voltage reading of 107 volts indicates wrong phasing.
If you haven't verified your house wiring previously, you should test your receptacles with a simple plug-in outlet tester that checks for proper connections of the Hot, Neutral and Safety Ground terminals. http://www.bing.com/shopping/eclipse-400-029-receptacle-tester-standard-outlets/p/3153415C2CA83C725012?q=ac+receptacle+tester&lpq=ac%20receptacle%20tester&FORM=HURE