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i ran my layout for 10 years with 4 PW ZW's.  one was devoted to accessory power.  the layout is divided into 9 power districts (isolated by insulating middle rail connectors).  three outputs of one ZW, four of another and two of a third supplied the 9 districts through quick acting circuit breakers of a design put forth by jim barrett in a backshop article.  the fourth output of the first ZA and the two outputs of the third ZW are being used for switch power, signal power, trolley and lighting (so every output is being used).  i never had an overload.

 

based on input from Lionel combined with my movement to all legacy engines, i converted to chopped sine wave power.  i went with 4 180W bricks fed to the tracks through 8 TMCC direct lockons.  three bricks to two districts each and one suppling three districts (one of which is the yard).  i have three "ovals" so i can run 3-4 trains at once depending on routing.  i run passenger trains of 10-11 cars all with factory lighting.

 

i find i can overload frequently.  are the 4 bricks not supplying the same total capacity as the portions of the three ZW's?  do i need to add another brick/TMCC direct lock on?  would i be better served by getting two ZW-L's to supply the 9 districts?  some combination of ZW-L and bricks?  some advice would be appreciated.  

 

and yes, all the TMCC direct lockons are set to 180w.

 

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First, I'll chime in by saying I really like the 10 amp limit on ZW-Ls (and Z4000s) as compared to some older units that would feed quite a lot more current for a brief period.  I'd rather have a unit with a strict current limit, if perhaps with a tiny delay like my Z4000 had (it would feed 11-11.5 amps for about two seconds before its breaker would trip).  However, a 10-amp is a lot easier to live with when the unit has the "fold back" feature like the ZW-L and some others, that will reduce voltage for a time to limit current to 10 amps when "an excessive demand" is experienced: I have one train that always kicks the fold back into operation on my ZW-L as it starts out (ATSF Anniversay passenger set from 2000: four Pullmo motors and seven incand. lighted cars) - it draws 9 amps at 16 volts when running hard but wants 10+ amps for a second or two starting out unitl its AC-field motors whirl up to speed: the ZW-L folds back voltage for about three seconds and gets it started nicely.  When using my Z4000, if I was not really judicious with the throttle, it would trip the breakers before the train got rolling. 

 

Fully half of the electric load of this particular train is incandescent lighting for the cars.  In any other circumstances, I would do what N.Q.D.Y. recommends and replace the incandescent lighting with LEDS - it would cut the demand of this train to only around 5-6 amps.  I don't do it in this case because the ATSF anniversay set is an iconic classic - some say the best passenger set ever made by Lionel, and I want to leave it "as delivered."  If something like that is not an issue, I'd recommend replacing the lighting with LEDS - its not expensive and its easy to do, too.

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