Testing each motor with a variable power supply would make it kind of obvious what voltage the different things want to work at.
They would likely be 1.5vdc-5vdc, 5v most likey, maybe 12v+ though.
Start low volt, one motor at a time. First, 1.5v (use 1 good AA,AAA,C,D battery) No go or too slow, get 3v with two batteries if you can manage, or with 5vac to a bridge rectifier, the rectifier would put out 4 - 4.5vdc A 3v motor should survive a short use of 4v easy, but note speeds, if it seems fast, you stop asap and add a few diodes to drop voltage, or go to a 3v regulator chip. If too slow at 4v, raise thottle slowly to the speed you like and look at the voltage. Now read the amps. Compare rpm &/or amps @x-volt of similar items, if not close readings, a part has an issue. Add amps to estimate the minimum amps used or measure it.
Each diode added to either + or - on the BR will drop voltage about .7v more
A bridge rectifier to match a transformers ac output gets you an "AC to DC converter" to use for testing on the output from an O transformer. (5v is the smallest voltage output on Lionel power)
Wallwarts are another test/run option (note VA- volt amp is a small fraction of amps, and some output ac). Any questions on an old one kicking at your house, ask.
Have you checked for a board at Lionel? Or are you more interested in some manual controls anyhow? Do you own a multi meter?
What is your power availability? (what do have in use? anything else that's there but not used?)