Atlas SW9's had a very small antenna piece. Eventually the antenna was moved, to the roof of the plastic cab, and made much larger.
TAS (Train America Studio) TMCC upgrade kits had a copper foil, sticky-back, piece that was to be used for the antenna.
Original TMCC antenna, metal angle plate, lower picture center in front of the Engineer.
My Atlas GP7 has a stick-backed foil antenna, the last part to be crammed under the shell. Designed to attach to the top of the plastic engine shell, I left the peal-off on. It's with the rest of the interesting wire mess. Works fine.
Last time I had significant signal problems, all engines, I had done an extensive ballast/ground cover application with diluted white glue. It took several weeks for the glue to dry. Signal strength did return