In the 1970s.to keep these locomotives running, Penn Central and Amtrak would have faced the decision to either replace the transformers with dry type transformers or reprocess the existing transformers with a flush/retrofill and disposal of PCB containing insulating fluid. The latter alternative would not have provided the fire retardent properties of the Askarel/PCB insulating fluids of the original design, beneficial to applications in confined and enclosed spaces as within the body of a locomotive. Dimensionally, the dry type transformer would have been larger than its fluid filled counterpart since dielectric strength of the fluid is greater than air and solids which would have made up the dry type design . If space constraints were a consideration and it appears that is true, than it might not have been possible to match the electric power rating of the original design with a dry type transformer design. Since the locomotives were about an average of 40 years of age when PCB regulations came about, the railroad had to consider the economics of investing in the retrofit recognizing the locomotives estimated remaining service life.
The other choice would be to replace the fleet with new and imprived deigns, seemingly a good idea. With respect to the E-60 it didn't quite work out that way.
Ot is probably reasonable to assume that had the PCB issue not have surfaced in the 1970s, the G's probably would have continued to run for a while perhaps another 10-15 years depending on their physical and operational condition.
With respect to utility provider transformers containing PCB insulating fluids continuing in service to the present, the regulations developed in the 1970s provided a ban on PCB production after 1979 and a requirement for users to implement a replacement and/or flush/retrofill program for transformers and other electrical equipment then in service that might contain PCB type insulating fluids at that time.
During the 1970's manufacturers developed and employed non PCB dielectric fluids and materials in new power equipment installed during that time period. Going forward. Utilities followed through on the required replacement and/or flush/retrofill programs for in service units , certifying and documenting existing in service equipment so processed as being "PCB free" as defined by the regulations.