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So bear with a little bit here if you would please.   In lots of lionel locomotives with 2 drive axles,  like a scout or older tinplate like 260 locomotive, the motor is mounted parallel to the drive axles and the power gets to drive wheels via gearing resulting in both drivers being powered directly.

My question is regarding higher end Hudson style locomotives with 6 or 8 drivers.  You have one motor,  typically mounted in the firebox space, and a drive shaft with a worm gear.  The worm drives a gear on one axle.   But are the other drive axles typically connected through gearing, or just through the connecting rods?

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The 1946 models 726 and 2020/671 do have a drive shaft in the chassis that transmits power to the rear and front set of wheels via spur gear.  In 1947 this was changed to a worm gear set up only driving the rear axle. The power was transmitted through the drive rods. The frame casting was changed drastically for this.

I have a fondness for the 1946 726.  With motor bearing replacement, proper inspection and lube the can be pretty quiet but sound very different than a 1947+ engine. 

@MELGAR posted:

A drivetrain and motor from an On30 Bachmann locomotive might drop right in.

MELGAR

I appreciate that sir.  Alas, that's not the idea.  The challenge to myself is to use as many actual lego pieces and techniques as possible. Lego has come a very long way. Here's an article from a couple years ago that will give you some visual idea of what is possible. 

"L" gauge is wider than O.  So power transmission gearing arrangements that have been well established for lego trains just don't work. Fortunately Lego is entirely modular.   So I know it can done,  just requires more creative thought.

Also, you can now get Kadee couplers in Lego compatible mounting boxes.

Au Contraire, most modern O-gauge steam does indeed drive the wheels with the rods and have just one set of drivers linked to the motor.

Yup. Most all modern steam locomotives from Lionel and MTH have the motor in the firebox. The motor is connected to a worm shaft which turns a worm wheel on one of the axles. That drive wheel then transmits power to the other drive wheels via the side rods.

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