Typically for most O Scale applications, I use an NCE D408SR decoder. This will handle 4 amps continuous power and 10 amps stall.
A lot of newer O locos do not draw this much current, but some still do. Most older olders ones draw 2-2.5 amps running which places them just beyond typical HO decoders.
Stalls in terms of electrical hits, occur if the loco stops abruptly because of short on the track - derailment, open switch etc. There is a sudden power surge spike into the decoder whne this happens. There is also stall under load running which is usually much less current.