Okay, so we all know that the Caboose is an American phenomenon, and European freight trains didn't have cabooses. The British had "brake vans", somewhat similar, but Continental European trains didn't even consistently have that. Little guerite guard huts on the freight cars, that sort of thing.
Then along comes this. Two Marklin tinplate cars seen recently. One in better shape than the other. I will let the photos do most of the talking. But note the two "end of train" rear warning lights on the roof of one of these; the cupolas with windows, the steps on the rear outside end leading to the roof; the divided interiors with crew quarters and small baggage. These are essentially functioning cabooses, regardless of what they were called. And Marklin was modeling German, i.e. Continental European trains, c. 1920.
If a European train had this at the end, I would say it had a caboose, yes?!
Here's the green, 4-wheel "bobber" model:
and then here's the maroon, slightly larger model with trucks (excuse me, bogies), it has the EOT warning lights on the roof :