My thought was to only deliver the bass to a sub woofer, just like a home theater. Bass is not very directional.
That might work, you'd have to also have a crossover somewhere to filter out the higher frequencies.
You might as well send the whole audio stream, since you're dealing with speaker level outputs inside the locomotive, and you don't want to bother with line-level electronics conversion there. Additionally, any Bluetooth codecs you use will likely support 20Hz-20kHz anyway.
In the subwoofer, after the output of the DAC, you can just put a line-level filter there - then connect that output to an amplifier for the subwoofer. Any lowpass filter at the speaker level worth it's salt will get expensive because of the size of the inductors required. Depending on the electronics used to do the ADC and Bluetooth transmission or the equivalent on the receiving end, you could also do it in the digital domain - but that takes a lot more expertise IMHO.